Energy and CO2 emission relationships in the NAFTA trading bloc: a multi-regional multi-factor energy input–output approach

The North-America Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) has brought together the economies of Canada, Mexico, and the US into forming one of the largest trading blocs worldwide (within the top CO₂ emitters). However, the current global protectionist discourse threatens the agreement. This paper analyzes the energy and energy-related CO₂ emission relationships between NAFTA countries in 2014 to gain insights into the climate change implications of current integration and the possible cancelation of the agreement. The analysis is performed with a multi-regional version of the multi-factor energy input–output model. The results show that NAFTA has not built a single integrated energy system, though it has helped reduce energy-related CO₂ emissions. Moreover, if NAFTA is not revoked, further integration would depend on the capacity of the Mexican energy sector to converge to the performance of its trade partners’ energy sectors. Conversely, a broken deal would induce negative environmental externalities.     

Three‐period,two‐treatment crossover design under long‐term carryover effect

The paper describes non‐parametric approach for analysis of a three‐period, two‐treatment, four‐sequence crossover design in which test procedure for interchangeability of the treatment effects is obtained. The proposed procedure is based on a non‐parametric model, which incorporates, along with the direct treatment effects and the usual carryover effects, the long‐term carryover effects. Relevant competitors are obtained. Related asymptotic results are given. By performing simulation study, we compared the procedures with respect to type I error rate and power. Furthermore, confidence intervals for treatment differences are studied. The procedures are illustrated with a data study.     

Economic evaluation of nivolumab for the treatment of second-line advanced squamous NSCLC in Canada: a comparison of modeling approaches to estimate and extrapolate survival outcomes

Background Lung cancer is the most common type of cancer in the world and is associated with significant mortality. Nivolumab demonstrated statistically significant improvements in progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) for patients with advanced squamous non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) who were previously treated. The cost-effectiveness of nivolumab has not been assessed in Canada. A contentious component of projecting long-term cost and outcomes in cancer relates to the modeling approach adopted, with the two most common approaches being partitioned survival (PS) and Markov models. The objectives of this analysis were to estimate the cost-utility of nivolumab and to compare the results using these alternative modeling approaches.

Methods Both PS and Markov models were developed using docetaxel and erlotinib as comparators. A three-health state model was used consisting of progression-free, progressed disease, and death. Disease progression and time to progression were estimated by identifying best-fitting survival curves from the clinical trial data for PFS and OS. Expected costs and health outcomes were calculated by combining health-state occupancy with medical resource use and quality-of-life assigned to each of the three health states. The health outcomes included in the model were survival and quality-adjusted-life-years (QALYs).

Results Nivolumab was found to have the highest expected per-patient cost, but also improved per-patient life years (LYs) and QALYs. Nivolumab cost an additional $151,560 and $140,601 per QALY gained compared to docetaxel and erlotinib, respectively, using a PS model approach. The cost-utility estimates using a Markov model were very similar ($152,229 and $141,838, respectively, per QALY gained).

Conclusions Nivolumab was found to involve a trade-off between improved patient survival and QALYs, and increased cost. It was found that the use of a PS or Markov model produced very similar estimates of expected cost, outcomes, and incremental cost-utility.     

变电站主设备LCC招标评标动态模型及应用

基于变电站主设备服役周期长、运维费用高、故障风险大、残值高等特点,在变电站主设备全寿命周期费用结构分解的基础上,结合动态成本计算模型,重点构建了变电站主设备LCC招标评标动态模型,并应用于变电站主设备的招标评标打分计算。最后,通过特高压工程1000KV变压器招标采购算例,验证说明了LCC招标评标动态模型能全面反映变电站主设备的全寿命周期成本费用,有助于从源头上统筹处理好安全、效能和周期成本三者的关系,有助于最优采购方案的选取。     

基础养老金统筹层次的收入再分配效应

推动基本养老保险由省级统筹向全国统筹过渡是我国现阶段社会保障制度改革的重心,对于实现经济的公平高效发展具有重要意义。为此,选取2006—2017年全国31个地区的面板数据,以基础养老金省级统筹过渡到全国统筹后,不同地区及不同收入群体间的收入再分配效应为研究对象,从统支视域出发,采用渐进式计发办法预测2041年统筹层次提升后,各地区不同收入群体的基础养老金待遇水平,并结合泰尔指数和离散系数进行比较静态分析,结果发现：养老金统筹层次提升存在着显著的收入再分配效应,但各地区养老金待遇差距与其经济发展水平并无必然联系。     

增强学生心理健康教育实效性的研究

我国中小学心理健康教育已普遍受到关注,各级各类学校相继开始实施,但不少学校缺乏实效性和针对性。需要积极探索,采取措施,切实提高我国中小学心理健康教育的实效性。     

Authentic Program Planning in Technology Education

This paper reports on the needs identified by three teachers during an investigation into their first experiences of implementing technology in their primary classrooms. One part of one teacher's case is presented in detail to illustrate that the meanings the teachers made of their experiences were related very closely to their beliefs about teaching and learning, to their understanding of technology as a phenomenon and to the place they saw technology having within the whole curriculum. One particular outcome of the investigation was that the teachers experienced a lack of knowledge of the scope and breadth of the technology learning area, and as a consequence, faced challenges in planning for the successful implementation of activities. In response to this particular need and to the many issues emanating from current research literature in technology education, the paper then presents two models for conceptualizing and planning units of work in technology in primary classrooms. The models form frameworks that may be useful to help structure thinking for authentic classroom planning and sequencing of lessons or learning experiences. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

小学语文口语交际策略思考

培养学生倾听和表达的口语交际能力,使学生具有文明和谐的人际交流素养,是语文教学的重要任务,对学生终身发展的必要性也越发凸显。而以书面语教学为主的传统语文观的语言能力和交际能力的脱节,致使口语交际教学发展滞后。小学阶段是个人发展语言的黄金时期,如何及时转变口语交际教学观念,跳出旧模式的窠臼,成为小学语文教育中的重要课题。教师只有提高认识,不断探究,寻找对策,才能使不尽如人意的口语交际教学现状得到改观。现就其教学效率的提高谈一些浅见。     

基于单元化分装对企业备品备件的储存空间优化研究

文章主要针对日立环球存储科技公司的技术革新、产品升级、机器更换升级后造成备品备件的库存大量增加,空间利用率下降这一问题．通过现场库存和物料特性分析,运用单元化分装管理方法,达到库存优化管理和空间的有效利用,降低物流管理成本．规范公司备品备件的管理。     

大宗农产品供应链协调问题分析

大宗农产品供应链管理是实现我国农业现代化、产业化的有效途径。以大宗农产品供应链为研究对象,阐述了大宗农产品供应链失调的后果,通过对现阶段我国大宗农产品供应链管理失调的主要原因进行分析,提出促进我国大宗农产品供应链协调的可行性建议。